Garin Abadan ɗaya ne daga cikin garuruwan lardin Khuzestan. Ku kasance tare da mu domin samun bayanai game da yanayin karatu a Abadan.
Abadan
Gari ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci kasantuwar cewa yana da matatar man fetur da petrochemical kuma yana iyaka da ƙasar Iraq, sannan strategic gari ne tun lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu. A wannan gari na Abadan akwai ɗaya daga cikin matatun mai mafi girma na duniya.
Wasu masana tarihi sun yi yaƙini da cewa akwai mutane da suke zama a wannan yanki na Abadan tun kafin zamanin Herodotus na Girka. “Bahmanshir” ko “Bahman Ardeshir” ko “Vahman Ardeshir”, wanda aka samo daga sunan sarkin Sasaniyawa na farko (Ardeshir Babkan) shi ne asalin sunan garin amma yanzu ana kiransa da Abadan. Ardeshir Babkan ya yi ayyuka da dama a wannan yanki na Iran. Garin ya ruguje gabaɗaya a farmakin da larabawa suka kai wa Khuzestan, inda bayan ruguza shi suka gina sansanin soja a wurin. Shugaban wannan runduna na farko wani mutum ne mai suna Abbad Ibn Hossein Habti, an kafa wani ƙaramin gari a kewayen sansanin, daga sunansa ne aka samo sunan garin na yanzu wato “Abbadan”.
Shaharar garin Abadan a ƙarnin farko na Hijira galibi tana da alaƙa da ayari, wuraren ibada, da masallatai da ke ciki, haka kuma saboda wani ƙabari da aka jingina ga Khidir da Iliyas. Sanadiyyar wannan ƙabarin ne aka jima ana kiran garin Abadan da suna “Jaziratul Khidir“. Sannu a hankali garin Abadan ya fara rugujewa tsakanin ƙarni na 7 zuwa na 8, inda ya rasa darajarsa ta kasuwanci sakamakon kusancinsa da teku.
Yanayin Wuri
A ma’aunin geography garin Abadan na a tsayin daraja 48 mintuna 17 da faɗin daraja 30 da mintuna 20 da tundun mita 3 daga saman teku, sannan yana da yalwar murabba’in kilomita 2796. Ta arewa garin Abadan na da iyaka da Shadegan, ta gabas da kudu tekun farisa, ta kudu maso yamma kuma ƙasa kuma ƙasar Iraq inda kogin Arvand ya shiga tsakani, ta arewa maso yamma kuma yana da iyaka da garin Khorram Shahr.
Zirga-Zirga
A daidai lokacin da ake gina ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana’antun ƙarafa a birnin Baft, an fara aikin nazarin gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Sirjan Baft Kerman, hakazalika haɗa layin jirgin ƙasa na Sirjan zuwa Niriz, Estehban, Shiraz, Kazron, Brazjan, tashar Ganaveh, tashar Dilam, tashar Handijan, tashar Mahsher, Shadgan da Abadan waɗanda duk suna kan hanya guda, ya tabbatar da rashin layin jirgin ƙasa wanda ke sada yankin kudu maso arewa da yankin kudu maso yammacin ƙasar.
Kamfanin man fetur na ƙasar Iran shi ne ya assasa filin jirgin garin Abadan a shekarar 1941. Karon farko a shekarar 1949 jiragen waje suka fara sauka a wannan filin jirgin. Dama filin jirgin na ƙasa da ƙasa ne tun farko kuma jiragen ciki da na waje na sauka sosai a cikinsa har ta kai yana taimaka wa filin jirgin Mehr Abad na Tehran a wurin sauke jiragen waje. Akwa lokacin da filin jirgin Abadan ne kaɗai ke bawa jiragen waje damar tsayawa transit ko shan mai a layin jirage na gabas ta tsakiya.
Masana’antu da tattalin arziki
Tattalin azrikin garin Abadan galibi ya dogara ne da masana’antar man fetur; wadda aka assasa a shekarar 1912 domin tace man Masjid Sulaiman. Bayan masana’antar mai ta dawo ƙarƙashin gwamnati, masana’antar ta iya tace kimanin ganga 600,000 na mai a rana a lokacin, amma yanzu sakamakon tasirin yaƙin shekara 8 abunda ake iya samu a rana ya ragu zuwa ganga 400,000. Har ila yau garin Abadan na da wata masana’antar petrochemical mai suna “Abadan Petrochemical” wadda aka gina a kusa da matatar man. A shekarar 2008 an samu sama da jiragen ruwa 147 da jiragen kamun kifi sama da 580 da suka tsunduma cikin ayyukan kamun kifi a yankin Abadan. Hakazalika daga 2004 ne aka maida yankin ‘yantaccen yankin kasuwanci, hakan ya ba ‘yan kasuwa masu zuba hannun jari daga ƙasashe daban-daban shigowa yankin Abadan.
Tashar ruwa ta Abadan da ke gaɓar kogin Arvand, na da ƙarfin jigilar ton dubu ashirin na kaya, wanda hakan ya ƙara mata muhimmanci. Har ila yau, garin Abadan shi ne ya fi kowane gari a lardin Khuzestan samar da dabino, yana da filaye masu girman hekta 12451 wadanda dabino kawai ake nomawa a cikinsu, bishiyoyin dabino sama da miliyan 2 waɗanda ake ma ban ruwa irin na gargajiya ta hanyar amfani da ruwan kogin Arvand da Bahmanshir. Ana gudanar da aikin noman rani da ban ruwan inji wanda ɗaya ne daga muhimman ayyukan ƙasa, ta hanyar fitar da ruwan da ya dace daga kogin Bahmanshir don bawa gonakin da ke kan iyakar kogin Arvand.
Matatar Mai ta Abadan
Jim kaɗan bayan gano mai a garin Masjid Sulaiman ne aka ga dacewar samar da matatar mai domin fitar da man. Wannan ne ya sanya turawa suka gina matatar a shekarar 1912. Da fari ana fitar da ganga 2500 kacal na mai ne a kowace rana a wannan matata. Zuwa shekarar 1951 aka koma cire ganga 5000 a rana, bayan an samu saka hannun jarin kamfanonin ƙasashen waje ne aka koma samun ganga 600,000 na mai a rana wanda haka ya sanya ta cikin jerin matatun mai mafi girma na duniya.
Abadan Petrochemical
A shekarar 1963 ne cibiyar man fetur ta ƙasar Faransa ta samu izinin neman wurin da za a yi aikin gina masana’antar petrochemical a ƙasar Iran; saboda kusancin Abadan da rijiyoyin mai da kuma bututun mai wanda aka riga aka gina a baya domin matatar mai ta Abadan, da kuma kusanci da ruwa mara gishiri wanda ke zuwa daga kogin Arvand, waɗannan dalilan suka sa aka zaɓi garin na Abadan domin assasa kamfanin petrochemical tare da hannun jarin kahi 74% na gwamnati da kashi 26% na kamfanin BF Goodrich na Amurka.
A shekarar 1946 kasantuwar cewa babu gogewa a ayyukan ƙera masana’antun petrochemical, kamfanin Lamas na ƙasar Amurka ya fara aikin inda ya kammala a cikin shekara biyu kacal, aka fara aiki da wurin a hukumance a shekarar 1969.
Wuraren shaƙatawa
Abadan na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwan ƙasar Iran kuma akwai abubuwa masu kyau na ɗabi’a, tarihi, buɗe ido, kasuwanci, da addini a cikinsa. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, kwanaki mafi daɗi na shaƙatawa a garin Abadan su ne kwanakin farkon watan March zuwa ƙarshe.
Daga cikin wuraren ɗabi’a masu kyau na garin Abadan akwai:
Kyakkyawar gaɓar kogin Arvand da kogin Bahmanshir, wanda ana iya amfani da su domin kamun kifi da nishaɗi.
Daga cikin wuraren tarihi na garin Abadan akwai cocin Abadan, Sinamar Naft, yankunan shiga da fita, matatar man Abadan (ɗaya daga cikin matatun mai mafi daɗewa a duniya), da kwalejin mai ta Abadan. Duka waɗannan suna da alaƙa da tarihi. Bisa la’akari da samar da ‘yantaccen yankin kasuwanci na Arvand da aka yi, babu shakka daga cikin abubuwan da ke iya jan hankalin baƙi a garin Abadan akwai wuraren kasuwanci.
Akwai maziyartar Khidir Nabi da Sayyed Abbas, takun ƙafar Imam Rida, duk suna cikin muhimman wuraren da ake ziyara a Abadan.
Asibitoci
- Asibitin Shahid Ashrafi Isfahani
- Asibitin Shahid Dr. Shahid Zadeh
- Asibitin Fariseh Bahbahani
- Shahid Beqaei Comprehensive Health Service Center
Karatu a Abadan
Akwai cibiyoyin ilimi da jami’o’i 5 a garin Abadan. Jami’o’in da ke garin Abadan sun keɓanta da wallafa mujallu 3 na musamman na ilimi, sannan zuwa yanzu sun wallafa jimillar mujallu 69. Garin Abadan ya karɓi baƙuncin tarukan ilimi guda 53 da kuma taron lacca guda 1. Masu bincike na jami’o’i da saura cibiyoyin ilimi na garin Abadan sun wallafa maƙalar ilimi guda 6813 ciki har da guda 829 na mujalla, da guda 3452 a tarukan cikin gida, da maƙala 829 a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. A shekarar 2018 an samu ɗalibai 1,627 masu karatu a jami’o’in garin Abadan tare da malamai da ma’aikatan tsangayar ilimi guda 218.
Petroleum University of Technology ɗaya ce daga cikin jami’o’in ƙasar Iran masu daraja.
