Karatun likitanci a Iran

Karanta kwas ɗin likitanci shi ne burin mafi yawan matasa masu karatu. Kwas ɗin likitanci ɗaya ne daga cikin kwasa-kwasai masu riba sosai wanda duk shekara yana jan hankalin ɗalibai masu yawa zuwa gare shi. Ku kasance tare da mu a wannan rubutun domin samun cikakkiyar gabatarwa a kan karatun likitanci a Iran.

Tarihin likitanci a Iran

An fara karatun likitanci a Iran ne a shekara ta 1851 miladiyya a Darul Funun. Daga shekarar 1928, karatun likitanci a Iran ya samarwa kansa tsari na musamman. A 1934, An kirkiro wata sabuwar hanya ta musamman don karatun likitanci a Iran, ta hanyar assasa makarantar likitanci a Jami’ar Tehran. Makarantun likitanci na Shiraz, Isfahan da Tabriz a shekarar 1946, bayan shekaru uku; a 1949, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mashhad ta fara aiki. Kwalejin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya ta ƙasa (Shahid Beheshti ta yanzu), Ahvaz, Soja, Shahshahi (Iran ta yanzu), Kermanshah, Sari, Hamadan, Urmia, Kerman, Jahrom da Fasa an kafa su kafin juyin juya halin Musulunci.

Bayan nasarar juyin juya halin musulunci na Iran da kuma sauyin tsarin ma’aikatu, a shekarar 1986, an ɓamɓare ƙungiyar koyar da ilimin likitanci daga ma’aikatar kimiyya da ilimi ta gaba da sakandare, inda ta ci gaba da aiki tare da ma’aikatar lafiya da sunan; Ma’aikatar Lafiya, Jiyya da Ilimin Likitanci.

Gabatar da daurorin karatun likitanci a Iran

Duka daurorin karatun likitanci a Iran bisa al’ada zangon karatu 14 ko 15 ne, idan babu sharaɗin da ya gifta, amma tun yanzu ya kamata mu san cewa a fagen karatun likitanci, a na amfani da kalmar ‘daura’ ne a maimakon kalmar ‘zango’. A jumlace, tsawon lokacin karatun kwasa ɗin likitanci, kamar kwas ɗin General Medicine, shekara 8 zuwa 9 ne. Specialization na likitanci kuma ya na ɗaukar aƙalla shekara 4 (ya danganci fannin da za a karanta). A babin ƙarin bayani, za mu fara kawo muku matakan karatun wannan kwas (na likitanci). Matakan karatun wannan kwas ɗin daurori ne guda 4 kamar haka:

1. Basic Sciences
2. Physiopathology
3. Clinical Internship
4. Clinical Internship (virtual)

Daurar Farko: Basic Sciences

Daura ta farko a kwas ɗin na Genera Medicine, ita ce daurar Basic Sciences. Daurar a bisa al’ada, a na koya wa ɗalibai ne a mataki na farko mai tsawon shekara 2. A cikin wannan kwas ɗalibai na samun masaniya a kan darusan farko na likitanci. A cikin wannan kwas, yawancin lokuta a kan ba da tsarin darussa ga sababbin ɗalibai. Bayan ɗalibai sun kammala zangon karatu 4, za su zana jarabawar gwaji domin wucewa daura ta gaba. Daurar Basic Sciences, ɗaya ce daga cikin daurori mafi muhimmanci a kwas ɗin likitanci domin a nan ne ɗalibai ke sanin asasi da tushen jikin Ɗan Adam da yanayinsa. Bayan ɗalibai sun yi wannan daurar kuma sun yi jarabawar gwaji, za su wuce daurar Physiopathology.

Daura ta biyu: Physiopathology

Daura (mataki) ta biyu a kwas ɗin likitanci, ita ce daurar physiopathology. Bisa al’ada wannan daurar ta shekara 1 ce kuma tana da zango 6 zuwa 7. A wannan daurar ne ake gabatar ma ɗalibai da darussan Physiology da Pharmacology. Bisa al’ada ana gabatar da jarabawar wannan daura ne duk bayan wata 1. A wannan daurar ɗalibai ke sanin cikakken tsari da nau’o’in cutukan jiki. Bayan ɗalibai sun kammala wannan daura, za su shiga daura ta 3 da kuma asibitoci. Daura ta uku ita ce Daurar Internship.

Daura ta uku: Clinical Internship (Strategy)

Daura ta uku wadda ake kira da Internship, ita ke shigar da ɗalibai a harabar asibitoci. Wannan daurar ta shekara 2 ce kuma tana da zango 4 zuwa 5. Daurar ta kasu kashi biyu, theory da practical. A cikin wannan daura, ɗalibi yana aiki a matsayin mai gadi tsawon wasu ayyanannun sa’o’i na dare. Daurar internship na taimaka ma ɗalibi wurin koyon abubuwan da ya karanta a aikace. Bayan ɗalibai sun kammala wannan daura, su na yin wata jarabawar gwajin pre-internship. Cin wannan jarrabawar shi ne lasisin shiga daurar horon asibiti.

Daura ta huɗu: Clinical Internship (Internship)

Daurar ƙarshe ta karatun likitanci ita ce daurar horon asibiti (internship). Daurar ta shekara 2 ce kuma gabaɗayanta a asibiti ake yin ta. Ayyukan ɗalibai a wannan daurar za su kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar malamai. Clinical internship ita ce daura mafi wahala a likitanci, saboda ɗalibai za su yi mu’amala ne kai-tsaye da marasa lafiya. Idan ɗalibai su ka yi nasarar tsallake wannan daurar, kuma su ka ci jarabawarta, shi kenan za a gabatar da su a matsayin likitoci a dokance.

Kwas ɗin likitanci shekara nawa ne?

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da su ka ƙara ma karatun likitanci wahala, shi ne tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin a kammala. Tsawon lokacin karatun likitanci ya ɗara na sauran kwasa-kwasai sosai idan an kwatanta. Wannan ya na nufin cewa masu sha’awar karanta wannan kwas su sani cewa, karatun likitanci na ɗaukar shekara 8 kafin a kammala. Masu sha’awar kwas ɗin, bayan sun kammala shekarunsu 8 na karatu, za su iya zuwa su yi jarabawar residency domin karɓar shaida. Me yiwuwa da yawa su so sanin cewa meye tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka kafin a samu gogewa a likitanci? Ga ɗaliban da ke buƙatar karɓar shaidar gogewa, dole ne su ƙara aƙalla shekara 4 don cigaba da karatunsu. A sauƙaƙe za a iya cewa domin samun wannan shaidar, za a buƙaci shekara 12 na karatu.

Kwasa-Kwasan likitanci mafi kyawu a Iran

Akwai kwasa-kwasan likitanci masu yawa waɗanda ake so. Masu sha’awar likitanci su kan fifita bada lokacinsu domin karantar waɗannan kwasa-kwasan na likitanci. A ƙasa, za mu kawo muku mafi kyawun kwasa-kwasan likitanci daga mahangar ɗaliban likitanci.

1. Pharmacology
2. Nursing
3. Midwifery
4. Dentistry
5. Veterinary Medicine
6. Anesthesiology
7. Physiotherapy

Gabatar da rassan karatun likitanci a Iran

Likitanci yana da kwasa-kwasai masu yawa wanda idan muna so mu faɗi mafi shahara daga rassan likitanci a jimla ɗaya, sai mu ce:

• Internal Specialization: A wannan fannin, likita yana da fahimtar gane cuta da magance ta. Wazifar likitan cikin gida ita ce, gano cuta, da magance matsalolin asibiti na marasa lafiya. Ko da yake a wasu lokuta yakan bar ma abokan aikinsa ayyukan da suka shafi tiyata.

• Specialization of General Surgery: A baya, General Surgeons (likitocin fida) sun kasance su na yin ayyukan orthopedics, urology, da sauransu, amma bayan samar da specializations daban-daban na likitanci, aikinsu ya takaitu zuwa tuyatar gastrointestinal da thyroid, tiyatar sauran sassan jiki kuma aka barma specializations na sama.

• Anesthesiologist: Wadannan kwararrun suna rubuta magungunan da a ke bukata ne wurin kashe zafi ko kawar da hayyaci lokacin aikin tiyata, haihuwa da sauransu. Kuma su na duba alamomin rayuwa na maras lafiya a lokacin da ba ya cikin hayyacinsa. hakazalika, su na tafiyarda al’amuran emergency na asibiti, kamar irin su tsayawar zuciya, ko daukewar numfashi kwatsam.
• Neurosurgery Specialty: Tiyatar kwakwalwa, lakka, warkar da bugawar kwakwalwa da tumor na kwakwalwa da lakka, ya ta’allaka ne da wannan sashen.
• Obstetrics and Gynecology Surgeon: Ganowa, magani da ayyukan tiyatar da su ka shafi mata a lokacin da su ke dauke da juna biyu da lokacin nakuda, da kuma rashin haihuwa, sun ta’allaka ne da wannan sashe na likitoci.
• Nutritional Expertise: Wadannan mutanen su kuma, sun kware a aikin ciyarwa da daidaita abincin mutane, kuma su na bada shawara a kan abincin mara lafiya bayan sun yi la’akari da yanayinsa (misali rashin cin abinci) da bukatunsa. Daliban da ke sha’awar yin karatu a wannan fannin dole ne su kammala digiri na likitanci, kuma su sami lasisin da suka dace don ganowa da magance matsalar cin abinci.
• Specialization of Ear, Throat and Nose Surgery (Ear Nasal ENT): Ganowa, magani da tiyatar kunne, haba, fuska, hanci da tonsils sune ayyukan waɗannan likitocin. Koda yake, ayyukan da su ka kebanci hakori yawanci likitan hakori ne ke yin su.
• Pediatricians: Likitocin yara: Sun kware wajen kula da mutane masu karancin shekaru, tun daga kan jarirai har zuwa ’yan shekara 18, wasu lokuta kuma har zuwa 21. Waɗannan ƙwararrun suna ba da kulawa ta farko kamar alluran rigakafi, tantance yara, duba lafiyar ɗalibai, da magance mura. Yakamata a rika tura wasu cututtuka masu tsanani da rikitarwa zuwa ga likitan yara don su samu kulawa ta musamman. Wasu likitocin yara sun ƙware a wuraren da suka shafi shekarun jarinta, cin zarafin yara, da al’amuran da ke shafar girman yara kamar su Autism, rashin lafiyar halayyya, da Down syndrome.
• Radiology Specialty: Tare da bunkasar fasaha a cikin harkar likitanci da kuma amfani da na’urori masu yawa, a wannan fannin a na gano cututtuka tare da taimakon radiology, Sonography, MRI, CT scan, da dai sauransu.
• Psychiatry Expertise: Ganowa da kuma lura da psychoses da neuroses, rikicewar kwakwalwa, rikicewar bacci, da sauransu yana daya daga cikin ayyukan wannan rukunin na likitoci.
• Pathology Expertise: Binciken tarihi na cututtuka shine aikin wannan rukuni na likitoci. Idan an cire ciwo daga jikin majinyaci a lokacin tiyata, masu ilimin cututtuka za su gaya maka ko abun da aka ce yana dauke da kansa ko a’a! Ko kuma a wane mataki na girma da mamayewa kansar ke ciki.
• Ophthalmology Specialty: Waɗannan likitocin suna bincika da magance kowasu irin cututtuka da matsaloli na ido.
• Medical Genetics Specialty: Su na gano cututtukan gado waɗanda suke yaduwa daga iyaye zuwa yara, tare da magance su. Haka kuma su na iya ba da shawarwari a kan ƙwayoyin halitta da gwaje-gwajen tantancewa. Waɗannan ƙwararrun suna amfani da haɗin gwiwar Molecular Genetics, Cytogenetics da gwaje-gwajen sinadarai don ganowa da magance cuta.
• Microbiologists: Su kuma suna nazari ne a kan girman microorganism irin su bacteria, virus, fungi, da alaƙarsu da jikin ɗan adam, su na gano dlilin rashin lafiya sannan su ayyana magani. Masana microbiology galibi su na gudanar da ayyukansu na bincike ne a laboratory domin inganta ilimin kimiyya ko masana’antar likitanci.
• Optometry:ƙwararre ne da ke gudanar da gwaje-gwajen farko a fannin gani. Yana iya auna yanayin gani na majinyaci kuma ya rubuta kayan taimako don daidaita gani ko wani nau’i na kayan jinya bayan magani (motsa jiki na idanu, shawarwari, da sauransu) idan ta kama kuma ya tura majinyacin wurin likitan ido.
• Parasitology Specialty: Su kuma waɗannan mutanen su na hulɗa ne da ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙwayoyi irin bacteria, virus, tsutsa da ƙwari) da ke rayuwa a jikin mutum. Waɗannan ƙwararrun su na amfani da hanyoyin da su ka koya daga cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, da ecology. Haka kuma akwai wannan kwas ɗin a Veterinary Sciences domin gano cutukan da ke jikin dabbobi.

Jami’o’in karatun likitanci a Iran

Tawagar Tolu Safiran Noor sun kawo muku jerin makarantun da ke gabatar da kwas ɗin likitanci a ci gaban wannan rubutu. Za ku iya samun ƙarin bayani game da manyan jami’o’in Iran da a ke karatun likitanci hakazalika kuɗin makarantar kowace daga cikinsu.

1. Urmia University of Medical Sciences
2. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
3. Iran University of Medical Sciences
4. Tehran University of Medical Sciences
5. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
6. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
7. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
8. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
9. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
10. Kerman University of Medical Sciences
11. Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences
12. Kashan University of Medical Sciences
13. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Tambayoyin da a ke yi game da karatun likitanci a Iran

1. Daura nawa kwas ɗin likitanci yake da?

   Tsarin karatun likitanci na gama-gari yana da daurori guda huɗu kamar haka; basic sciences, physiopathology, clinical internship, da internship.

2. Kwas ɗin General Medicine da Specialization shekara nawa yake ɗauka?

   General Medicine na ɗaukar shekara 8 zuwa 9, specialization kuma ya danganci fannin da ake buƙata amma yana ɗaukar aƙalla shekara 4.

3. Shin kwasa-kwasan medicine da na Allied health professions ɗaya ne?

   A’a, mabambantan kwasa-kwasai ne haka darusan su ma daban-daban ne.

4. Minene amintaccen shafin ma’aikatar lafiya?

   behdasht.gov.ir